{"id":545,"date":"2008-10-29T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-10-29T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2008\/10\/29\/magnitude-mw6-4-earthquake-in-pakistan\/"},"modified":"2010-10-21T13:42:48","modified_gmt":"2010-10-21T17:42:48","slug":"magnitude-mw6-4-earthquake-in-pakistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2008\/10\/29\/magnitude-mw6-4-earthquake-in-pakistan\/","title":{"rendered":"Magnitude Mw=6.4 earthquake in Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>News is coming in this morning of moment magnitude = 6.4 earthquake in <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Balochistan<\/span> in Pakistan. According to the <a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/eqcenter\/eqinthenews\/2008\/us2008yscs\/#maps\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">USGS<\/span><\/a>, the earthquake occurred at 23:09 UT (04:09 local time) at a depth of about 15 km.  The <a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/eqcenter\/eqinthenews\/2008\/us2008yscs\/#maps\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">USGS<\/span><\/a> have produced this map of the epicentre:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/neic.usgs.gov\/neis\/eq_depot\/2008\/eq_081028_yscs\/neic_yscs_cy.gif\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 409px;height: 432px\" src=\"http:\/\/neic.usgs.gov\/neis\/eq_depot\/2008\/eq_081028_yscs\/neic_yscs_cy.gif\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">1:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/neic.usgs.gov\/neis\/eq_depot\/2008\/eq_081028_yscs\/neic_yscs_l.html\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">USGS<\/span> map<\/a> of the location of the epicentre of the earthquake<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">This produces a map of shaking that looks like this:<a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/eqcenter\/shakemap\/global\/shake\/2008yscs\/download\/intensity.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 370px;height: 434px\" src=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/eqcenter\/shakemap\/global\/shake\/2008yscs\/download\/intensity.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. 2:<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/eqcenter\/shakemap\/global\/shake\/2008yscs\/\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">USGS<\/span> map<\/a> of the intensity of shaking associated with this earthquake<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>This is a rugged and comparatively arid landscape (Fig. 3) with a population density of about 40 people per square kilometre.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gdacs.org\/\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">GDACS<\/span><\/a> estimate that there are about 326,000 people living in a 50 km radius of the epicentre.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-pakistan-earthquake-location.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 400px;height: 265px\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-pakistan-earthquake-location.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">3:<\/span>  Google Earth image of the region <span class=\"blsp-spelling-corrected\">affected<\/span> by the earthquake.<br \/>Click on the map for a better view in a new window.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>In such an environment, landslides are very likely to have been triggered by the earthquake.  Already there are one or two reports that landslides have occurred &#8211; for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/afp.google.com\/article\/ALeqM5g4kA_XTKsdH74geyqw68oh_K75Mg\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">AFP<\/span><\/a> are reporting that &#8220;The deaths occurred in and around the hilly town of <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Ziarat<\/span>, about 50 kilometres east of <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Quetta<\/span>, in gas-rich Baluchistan province, police official Abdul <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Khaleq<\/span> told <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">AFP<\/span>.  <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Ziarat<\/span> is a historic hill resort famed for its juniper forests.  Most of the casualties were from two villages on the outskirts of the town which were built on steep ground and badly damaged in landslides triggered by the quake, which struck at a depth of 10 kilometres, officials said.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/3277230\/Strong-pakistan-earthquake-kills-more-than-100.html\">Daily Telegraph<\/a> is reporting that &#8220;One village, <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Wam<\/span> Killy, was almost completely destroyed while many houses were buried in landslides triggered by the quake.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=aY87BmYvMV4c&amp;refer=home\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Bloomberg<\/span><\/a> <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">saya<\/span> that &#8220;A landslide in <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Ziarat<\/span>, a tourist resort about 100 kilometers east-northeast of <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Quetta<\/span>, killed 17 people, said <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Dilawar<\/span> <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Hussain<\/span> Shah, an official at police control in <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Quetta<\/span>. More deaths were reported from <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Pishin<\/span> town and its neighboring villages, he said.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Ziarat<\/span>, whilst Fig 5 gives an idea of the terrain:<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-ziarat-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 400px;height: 265px\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-ziarat-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">4:<\/span>  Google Earth perspective view of <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Zierat<\/span>, in which many landslides have been reported.<br \/>Click on the map for a better view in a new window.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/farm1.static.flickr.com\/126\/369303629_c1fac4f005.jpg?v=0\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 371px;height: 278px\" src=\"http:\/\/farm1.static.flickr.com\/126\/369303629_c1fac4f005.jpg?v=0\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">5:<\/span> <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Flickr<\/span> image from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/groups\/worldwidewandering\/discuss\/72157594311543910\/\"><span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Worldwidetravelling<\/span><\/a> of the landscape in <span class=\"blsp-spelling-error\">Zierat<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>All of the above suggests that landslides are likely to be a serious issue in this earthquake.  The diagram of area affected by <span class=\"blsp-spelling-corrected\">landsliding<\/span> derived by <span class=\"blsp-spelling-cor\nrected\">Keefer<\/span> (1984) is helpful here (Fig. 6).  The likely affected area is in the range of 200-2000 square kilometres, with a value towards the upper limit being more likely given the shallow focus of the earthquake and the rugged terrain.  In my view, it is likely that the effects, although quite localised, could be quite high, with landslides being a major problem both in terms of causing losses and in terms of impeding the flow of assistance.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-pakistan-image-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 400px;height: 400px\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2010\/10\/08_10-pakistan-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size:85%\"><span style=\"font-family:arial\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Fig. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">6:<\/span> Dave Keefer&#8217;s 1984 plot of the area affected by landslides in earthquakes of different magnitudes, annotated to show the range of areas expected to be associated with this one.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">I will post again as more <span class=\"blsp-spelling-corrected\">information<\/span>  becomes available.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold\">Reference: <\/span><br \/>Keefer, D. 1984. Landslides caused by earthquakes.  <span style=\"font-style: italic\">GSA Bulletin<\/span>, <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">95<\/span>, 406-421<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News is coming in this morning of moment magnitude = 6.4 earthquake in Balochistan in Pakistan. According to the USGS, the earthquake occurred at 23:09 UT (04:09 local time) at a depth of about 15 km. The USGS have produced this map of the epicentre: Fig. 1: USGS map of the location of the epicentre of the earthquake This produces a map of shaking that looks like this:Fig. 2: USGS &hellip;<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[333,413,23,959,10],"class_list":["post-545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-333","tag-balochistan","tag-earthquake","tag-landslide-report","tag-pakistan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}