{"id":41267,"date":"2022-07-08T06:45:07","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T06:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=41267"},"modified":"2022-07-08T06:45:07","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T06:45:07","slug":"tupul-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2022\/07\/08\/tupul-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Shifting the blame for the deadly landslide at Tupul in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Shifting the blame for the deadly landslide at Tupul in India<\/h4>\n<p>Recovery operations continue at the site of the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2022\/07\/04\/tupul-1\/\">30 June 2022 landslide at Tupul in Northern India<\/a>.\u00a0 The latest news is that 49 bodies have been recovered, whilst a further 12 people remain missing.\u00a0 The likelihood of recovering their remains is probably diminishing with time.\u00a0 In total, 29 of the victims were soldiers billeted on the landslide site, who were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.firstpost.com\/opinion\/tupul-landslide-why-national-media-kept-quiet-when-27-soldiers-lost-their-lives-in-manipur-disaster-10870751.html\">reportedly providing security to the project<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Inevitably, attempts are now being made to shift the blame for the disaster.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/nation\/2022\/jul\/08\/landslides-can-be-curbed-not-avoided-senior-ongc-geologist-on-manipur-mishap-2474202.html\">The New Indian Express provides two perspectives<\/a>.\u00a0 First, they report the words of an anonymous senior geologist from the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation:-<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cWe have loose soil here. The rocks are hard only in the deeper portions. So when it rains incessantly or heavily, chances are that the soil will erode,\u201d the geologist, who has worked in the region, said requesting anonymity&#8230;&#8221;To avoid such incidents where development projects are coming up, we must ensure maximum plantations. Only the plants with roots that can reach the sub-surface should be planted in consultations with experts,\u201d he said, adding that in Uttarakhand, which has hard rocks, the retaining walls should have steel nets to keep the earth stable.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vegetation is of course important in landslide management, and it brings many other benefits.\u00a0 But there is no evidence that vegetation, or lack thereof, was the cause of the landslide at Tupul.\u00a0 Indeed, the deep-seated nature of the failure indicates that vegetation was probably essentially irrelevant.\u00a0 The clear evidence of slope cutting is likely to have been far more significant, although <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2022\/07\/05\/tupul-landslide-2\/\">as I noted previously<\/a> this needs to be investigated properly.<\/p>\n<p>Secondly, the article quotes one or more railway officials in relation to the landslide:-<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cWhen a hill is cut for a project, the angle and the slope need to be maintained. It was adhered to,\u201d he said &#8230; A railway official blamed jhum cultivation for the recent incident.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cRainwater had got accumulated at the site, rendering the soil soft. That place is not a natural basin,\u201d he said.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jhum\">Jhum cultivation<\/a> is a shifting form of agriculture in which the forest is cut down and burnt, and the land is then farmed for a small number of years before being abandoned.\u00a0 In the traditional form the land is allowed to recover, but a shift to more intensive land use means that the time period between cycles has often been reduced.\u00a0 The consequences can be extremely environmentally destructive.<\/p>\n<p>There is little doubt that jhum cultivation can be have adverse outcomes for the land, and there may be some evidence that it has been practised in the Tupul area.\u00a0 However, I will leave it to readers to consider whether this is the probable cause of a deep-seated landslide at this site:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_41270\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41270\" class=\" wp-image-41270\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-8.jpg\" alt=\"A Google Earth image of the site of the 30 June 2022 landslide at Tupul in northern India.\" width=\"799\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-8.jpg 1213w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-8-300x237.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-8-1024x810.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-8-768x608.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-41270\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Google Earth image of the site of the 30 June 2022 landslide at Tupul in northern India.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>If losses from these types of landslides are to be reduced then there is a need for an honest conversation about the likely causes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Tupul landslide occurred at the site of a major construction project involving slope excavation, but officials are blaming poor farming methods for the failure<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":41270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[598],"tags":[30695,28471,469,5,959,80,72],"class_list":["post-41267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landslide-processes","tag-excavation","tag-farming","tag-featured","tag-india","tag-landslide-report","tag-railway","tag-south-asia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}