{"id":41189,"date":"2022-07-04T06:49:28","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T06:49:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=41189"},"modified":"2022-07-04T06:49:28","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T06:49:28","slug":"tupul-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2022\/07\/04\/tupul-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Tupul: a landslide disaster in Manipur, India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Tupul: a landslide disaster in Manipur, India<\/h4>\n<p>On 30 June 2022 a very large landslide occurred at Tupul in Noney district of <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?s=manipur&amp;submit.x=0&amp;submit.y=0&amp;mswhere=blog\">Manipur<\/a> in Northern <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?s=india&amp;submit.x=0&amp;submit.y=0&amp;mswhere=blog\">India<\/a>.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/manipur-landslide-death-count-rises-to-37-11656848057550.html\">As of 3 July 2022 the confirmed toll was 42 people<\/a>, with a further 20 people reported to be missing.\u00a0 A total of 18 people have been rescued.\u00a0 The majority of the fatalities consisted soldiers who were accommodated on the site of the landslide, with reports that they were from the 107 Battalion of the Territorial Army.\u00a0 The prospect of any further survivors is extremely low.<\/p>\n<p>The best image that I have seen of the landslide was tweeted by <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Karma_Paljor\/status\/1542833204515598337\">Karma Paljor<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/Karma_Paljor\/status\/1542833204515598337<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>There is also good drone footage on the following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tjuGJXLMLno\">Youtube video<\/a> (which has some annoying music):-<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"#Manipur || \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09ae\u09be\u09f0\u09cd\u0997\u09f0 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u09ae\u09a3\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09f0\u09f0 \u09a8\u09a8\u09c7\u09f0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09f0\u09c2\u09aa || \u0987\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ae&#039;\u099c&#039; \u0985\u09b8\u09ae | EastMojo Assam\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tjuGJXLMLno?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>The drone footage confirms that the valley is not blocked by the landslide, which was an earlier concern. Indeed, it shows operations underway to widen the spillway.<\/p>\n<p>The location of the landslide is 24.804, 93.674.\u00a0 The Google Earth image below shows the site on 24 March 2021:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_41192\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41192\" class=\" wp-image-41192\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-2.jpg\" alt=\"Google Earth image of the site of the 30 June 2022 Tupul landslide in India.\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-2.jpg 1509w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-2-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-2-1024x612.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-2-768x459.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-41192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google Earth image of the site of the 30 June 2022 Tupul landslide in India.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>The image shows extensive slope works being undertaken at Tupul &#8211; this is for the construction of the Jiribam to Imphal railway line, which is planned to be completed by December 2023.\u00a0 Some of the works shown in the image appear to demonstrate questionable construction approaches, including large amounts of sediment being released into the river system.<\/p>\n<p>The section of slope that has failed is shown below:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_41194\" style=\"width: 648px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41194\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41194\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-3.jpg\" alt=\"Google Earth image of the section of slope that failed during the 30 June 2022 Tupul landslide in India.\" width=\"638\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-3.jpg 638w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-3-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-41194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Google Earth image of the section of slope that failed during the 30 June 2022 Tupul landslide in India.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>There are a number of aspects of this site, prior to the failure, that give me cause for concern, including the very steep upper part of the slope, the lobate form of the lower slopes and the large bend in the river.\u00a0 I would like to see the engineering geomorphological and geological interpretation of this site that was surely (?) undertaken prior to construction.<\/p>\n<p>The section that has collapsed had been cut, so inevitably this must be the leading potential cause of the landslide. The width of the landslide appears to correspond closely to the section of cut slope, which may be an indication of process and causation.\u00a0 I have tried to annotate the image from <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Karma_Paljor\/status\/1542833204515598337\">Karma Paljor<\/a> to indicate the main features &#8211; of course this is highly speculative:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_41198\" style=\"width: 704px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41198\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41198\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-4a.jpg\" alt=\"A speculative interpretation of the main features of the Tupul landslide, based on the image tweeted by Karma Paljor. \" width=\"694\" height=\"771\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-4a.jpg 694w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2022\/07\/22_06-Manipur-4a-270x300.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-41198\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A speculative interpretation of the main features of the Tupul landslide, based on the image tweeted by <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Karma_Paljor\/status\/1542833204515598337\">Karma Paljor.<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>My initial (speculative) interpretation is that the cut slope failed, creating the large debris mass seen in the foreground of the image.\u00a0 The location of the destroyed buildings gives a sense of the movement direction and distance.\u00a0 The area that I have shaded appears to be a secondary failure from higher up the slope, probably because of a loss of support.\u00a0 This is a deep seated collapse that may have implications for the stability of the other parts of the slope.\u00a0 This scar has then been partially infilled by smaller failures around the steep backscarp.\u00a0 These are likely to continue for some time.<\/p>\n<p>Note the water flowing down the rear scarp.\u00a0 The main part of the SW summer monsoon will occur over the coming weeks.\u00a0 A key concern right now must be the stability of the other cut slopes at this site.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, it goes without saying that this landslide should be investigated independently and in a transparent manner, with the outcomes published and lessons learnt.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 30 June 2022 a very large landslide occurred at Tupul in Noney district of Manipur in Northern India, killing at least 42 people.<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":41198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[684,784,5,80,72],"class_list":["post-41189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-landslide-report","tag-cut-slope","tag-featured-landslide-report","tag-india","tag-railway","tag-south-asia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41189"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41189\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}