{"id":33560,"date":"2020-04-05T09:40:16","date_gmt":"2020-04-05T09:40:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=33560"},"modified":"2020-04-05T09:40:16","modified_gmt":"2020-04-05T09:40:16","slug":"1935-colliery-landslide-cwmaman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2020\/04\/05\/1935-colliery-landslide-cwmaman\/","title":{"rendered":"The 1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman, South Wales"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>The 1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman, South Wales<\/h4>\n<p>A week ago I posted about a tragic landslide accident in Japan, as recorded in archive footage collected by <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2020\/03\/29\/kanagawa-prefecture-landslide-tragedy\/\">British Pathe and now available online<\/a>.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2014\/04\/18\/pathe-news-historic-landslide-films\/\">There are some very interesting landslide reports in that archive<\/a>; one in particular caught my eye.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishpathe.com\/video\/VLVAOD94HSEANTGMFN747ABHEPTC-SOUTH-WALES-LANDSLIDE-CLOSE-TO-VILLAGE-IN-CWMAMMAN\/query\/Landslide\">There is a short news report about a landslide affecting the village of Cwmaman in South Wales<\/a>.\u00a0 The news recording is dated 28 February 1935, although the landslide actually occurred on 22 February 1935.<\/p>\n<p>The footage reports that as a result of recent rainfall thousands of tonnes of earth and slag slid from the side of the mountain. The image below, from the film, shows the landslide debris:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_33563\" style=\"width: 651px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33563\" class=\" wp-image-33563\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-1.jpg\" alt=\"The 1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman, South Wales\" width=\"641\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-1.jpg 989w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-1-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-1-768x572.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-33563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman, South Wales. Still from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishpathe.com\/video\/VLVAOD94HSEANTGMFN747ABHEPTC-SOUTH-WALES-LANDSLIDE-CLOSE-TO-VILLAGE-IN-CWMAMMAN\/query\/Landslide\">British Pathe news film<\/a> dated 28 February 1935.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>The the landslide came remarkably close to the village is not in dispute.\u00a0 The image below shows another still from the news report.\u00a0 The landslide debris appears to be directly adjacent to the end house in the terrace:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_33565\" style=\"width: 649px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33565\" class=\" wp-image-33565\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-2.jpg\" alt=\"1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman\" width=\"639\" height=\"502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-2.jpg 935w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-2-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2020\/04\/20_04-Wales-2-768x604.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-33565\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The aftemath of 1935 colliery landslide in Cwmaman, South Wales. Still from a B<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishpathe.com\/video\/VLVAOD94HSEANTGMFN747ABHEPTC-SOUTH-WALES-LANDSLIDE-CLOSE-TO-VILLAGE-IN-CWMAMMAN\/query\/Landslide\">ritish Pathe news film<\/a> dated 28 February 1935.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Clearly this was a very serious incident.\u00a0 The interesting aspect is that it was not discussed in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dmm.org.uk\/ukreport\/553-41.htm\">tribunal report<\/a> from the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2016\/10\/17\/aberfan-disaster-1\/\">Aberfan landslide<\/a>, which did examine other near-miss major colliery landslides in South Wales. The landslide, called the Fforchaman 1935 slide, is briefly discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/GSL.QJEGH.1996.029.P2.02\">Siddle <em>et al.<\/em> (1996)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, this spoil tip became unstable again in September 1973 &#8211; there&#8217;s a detailed review of that event on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.walesonline.co.uk\/news\/wales-news\/entire-valleys-street-demolished-prevent-17534531\">Wales Online<\/a>.\u00a0 Spoil reached the houses once more, and the report indicates that this was yet another near-miss. In that case a decision was taken to evacuate permanently a row of houses on the edge of the village.\u00a0 The houses were bulldozed a few years later.<\/p>\n<p>This event is another illustration of the remarkable sequence of spoil tip landslides that occurred in South Wales, of which Aberfan was the most serious.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newcivilengineer.com\/latest\/governments-appoint-the-coal-authority-to-coordinate-coal-tip-safety-action-25-03-2020\/\">The Coal Authority is now undertaking a major review of all spoil tips in South Wales<\/a>, following the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2020\/02\/18\/tylorstown-landslide-2\/\">Tylorstown landslide in February<\/a>.\u00a0 In the words of the highly esteemed landslide expert, Professor Eddie Bromhead (from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newcivilengineer.com\/latest\/governments-appoint-the-coal-authority-to-coordinate-coal-tip-safety-action-25-03-2020\/\">same article<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p><em> \u201cRight now, you must expect some of the country\u2019s older tips to slide down the hill and valley sides below them if storms like Dennis become increasingly the norm. Even those spoil heaps engineered to cope with surface water flows, for instance, are now at risk. None of them have been designed to retain stability in the kind of extreme weather we\u2019ve been experiencing this winter.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Reference<\/h4>\n<p>Siddle, H.J., Wright, M.D. and Hutchinson, J.N. 1996. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/GSL.QJEGH.1996.029.P2.02\">Rapid failures of colliery spoil heaps in the South Wales Coalfield<\/a>. <em>Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology<\/em>, <strong>29<\/strong> (2): 103\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/GSL.QJEGH.1996.029.P2.02<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1935 a large colliery landslide came very close to causing major damage to Cwmaman in South Wales. An archive Pathe News report provides detail. <!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":33565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[27393],"tags":[1230,381,144,469,299,205,29377,133,575],"class_list":["post-33560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mining","tag-archive","tag-coal","tag-europe","tag-featured","tag-mine","tag-mining","tag-spoil-tip","tag-uk","tag-wales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}