{"id":28962,"date":"2018-10-15T06:30:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=28962"},"modified":"2018-10-15T06:30:00","modified_gmt":"2018-10-15T06:30:00","slug":"sigi-biromaru-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/15\/sigi-biromaru-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Sigi Biromaru: terrifying footage of lateral spreading during the Sulawesi earthquake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Sigi Biromaru: terrifying footage of lateral spreading during the Sulawesi earthquake<\/h4>\n<p>Sigi Biromaru is a suburb of Palu located on the eastern side of the valley.\u00a0 Whilst most of the focus in the two weeks since the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/03\/palu-landslides-1\/\">Sulawesi earthquake<\/a> has been on the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/08\/palu-landslides-3\/\">flowslides<\/a>, it is easy to forget that other slopes also went through significant lateral spreading during the mainshock.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SotisValkan\/status\/1049026691883053056\">In an initial (amazing) analysis of optical imagery collected by Sentinel-2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.gr\/citations?user=TxdEgwUAAAAJ&amp;hl=el\">Sotiris Valkaniotis of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki<\/a> has shown that there was extensive lateral spreading on the eastern side of the fault.\u00a0 To confirm this, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ivmfdMmt5Ow\">video has been posted on Youtube<\/a> that shows the development of very significant lateral spreading during the earthquake.\u00a0 In this case it appears that the lateral spreading did not transition into the type of flowslide seen elsewhere in Palu, but the level of damage is very substantial.\u00a0 The original video is available on<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ivmfdMmt5Ow\"> Youtube<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ivmfdMmt5Ow?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately the camera is rotated, which makes watching the video quite challenging.\u00a0 There is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=arDEDaCA6Fc\">another version<\/a> that is easier to watch, albeit with an irritating backing track:<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/arDEDaCA6Fc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>The astonishing thing about this video is that the lateral spreading, as indicated by the large tension cracks in the road, develops as the video runs.\u00a0 These two screenshots, taken less than a minute apart, show one of the fissures opening:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28973\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28973\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28973\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_10-Biromaru-2-e1539583443719.jpg\" alt=\"Sigi Biromaru\" width=\"640\" height=\"335\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28973\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sigi Biromaru lateral spreading: one of the tension cracks starting to develop. Screenshot from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ivmfdMmt5Ow\">video posted to Youtube<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>A few seconds later the fissure looked like this:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28970\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28970\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28970\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_10-Biromaru-3-e1539583544365.jpg\" alt=\"Sigi Biromaru\" width=\"640\" height=\"338\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sigi Biromaru: the aftermath of the Sulawesi earthquake.\u00a0 Screenshot from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ivmfdMmt5Ow\">video posted to Youtube<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately in this case full liquefaction, if that is what occurred to generate the flowslides, did not occur.\u00a0 The magnitude of the damage is extraordinary though, illustrating the magnitude of the challenges that lie ahead in getting this area back on its feet:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28977\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28977\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28977\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_10-Biromaru-4-e1539583897711.jpg\" alt=\"Sigi Biromaru\" width=\"640\" height=\"341\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28977\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The aftermath of lateral spreading at Sigi Biromaru, after the Sulawesi earthquake. Screenshot from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ivmfdMmt5Ow\">video posted to Youtube<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>In interesting element of this disaster will be understand why this slope did not go to the full, flowslide-generating failure seen at Balaroa and Petobo.\u00a0 It is very fortunate that this did not occur.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sigi Biromaru in Palu: extraordinary footage shows the development of complex lateral spreading during the Sulawesi earthquake<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":28977,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[537,29],"tags":[23,469,141,18033,17788,314,17657],"class_list":["post-28962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earthquake-induced-landslide","category-landslide-video","tag-earthquake","tag-featured","tag-indonesia","tag-lateral-spreading","tag-palu","tag-se-asia","tag-sulawesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28962"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28962\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}