{"id":28766,"date":"2018-10-01T06:40:54","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T06:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=28766"},"modified":"2018-10-02T07:08:23","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T07:08:23","slug":"2018-sulawesi-earthquake-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/01\/2018-sulawesi-earthquake-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Lateral spreads from the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Lateral spreads from the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake<\/h4>\n<p>NB: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/02\/palu-sulawesi-earthquake-2\/\">there is an update on these landslides on my post of 2nd October<\/a>.\u00a0 These landslides are more complex than initially appeared to be the case).<\/p>\n<p>The impact of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Sulawesi_earthquake_and_tsunami\">2018 Sulawesi earthquake<\/a>, which struck the isthmus of the Minahassa Peninsula in Indonesia on Friday 28th September 2018,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-asia-45701060\"> is still being determined<\/a>.\u00a0 The most serious impact appears to have been a significant series of tsunamis; initial Planet Labs imagery shows very widespread destruction to the coastal margins, once again.\u00a0 This will be a tsunami that will need to be studied in detail &#8211; the strike-slip mechanism of the earthquake is not one that would normally generate such a wave, although the 3D topography of the bay through which the fault runs may have allowed substantial changes in local volume, allowing the wave to form.\u00a0 However, the most likely explanation would seem to be one or more large submarine landslides, perhaps not surprising in an area with very sediment production in the tropical climate (which can generate large, unstable piles of sediment in the shallow marine environment).\u00a0 We will find out more in due course, and can only speculate at present.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of terrestrial landslides, I would not expect this to be a particularly significant event, even though it has happened in tropical, hilly environment.\u00a0 Two factors should mitigate against very large numbers of landslides.\u00a0 First, the faulting mechanism seems to be associated with smaller numbers of landslides in general, based upon previous studies. And second, much of the surface trace of the fault is in the sea.\u00a0 Strike-slip faults generate landslides in very close proximity to the fault trace, and comparatively few at even intermediate distances.\u00a0 In this case, the amount of significant terrestrial topography close to the fault seems very limited.\u00a0 There will be landslides, but probably not in the huge numbers that we have seen elsewhere.<\/p>\n<p>Two videos have emerged though that appear to show <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2012\/11\/12\/lateral-spread-failures-from-the-burma-earthquake\/\">lateral spreads<\/a> occurring during, or immediately after, the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.\u00a0 These are remarkable, and truly terrifying, recordings.\u00a0 They have been posted on Twitter, and have drawn some criticism for being too graphic.\u00a0 I am not quite sure why this is the case, they do not seem to be unreasonable to me, but I note the concerns.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3RNccCeXzYE\">The first is somewhat shaky (understandably), but remarkable for showing large structures in motion, including a transmission tower<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3RNccCeXzYE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28772\" style=\"width: 409px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28772\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28772\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_09-Palu-4.jpg\" alt=\"2018 Sulawesi earthquake\" width=\"399\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_09-Palu-4.jpg 399w, https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2018\/10\/18_09-Palu-4-227x300.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28772\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lateral spreading from the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3RNccCeXzYE\">Still from a video posted on Youtube<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=lateral%20spread&amp;src=typd\">There is a version on Twitter, posted by @patton_cascadia, that corrects some of the rotations in the recording.<\/a>\u00a0 It seems reasonably likely that this is a lateral spread type landslide, perhaps associated with a quick clay or dynamic liquefaction process.\u00a0 Unfortunately at present the location is unclear.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=6&amp;v=tKZcPOUPD4E\">The second is perhaps more clear in terms of process, and is equally dramatic<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tKZcPOUPD4E?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>The absolute terror of those involved is obvious.\u00a0 As yet the location of the events, and indeed whether this is the same one or two different locations, is uncertain.\u00a0 This second video captures the aftermath of the earthquake well, and in particular the stunned disbelief of those involved in the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.<\/p>\n<p>NB: <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2018\/10\/02\/palu-sulawesi-earthquake-2\/\">there is an update on these landslides on my post of 2nd October<\/a>.\u00a0 These landslides are more complex than initially appeared to be the case).<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Video has emerged on Youtube apparently showing lateral spreads as they were triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake on Friday<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":28772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[537],"tags":[23,469,141,159,314,17657],"class_list":["post-28766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earthquake-induced-landslide","tag-earthquake","tag-featured","tag-indonesia","tag-lateral-spread","tag-se-asia","tag-sulawesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}