{"id":25531,"date":"2017-09-12T22:12:04","date_gmt":"2017-09-12T22:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/?p=25531"},"modified":"2017-09-12T22:12:04","modified_gmt":"2017-09-12T22:12:04","slug":"rock-avalanche-alaska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2017\/09\/12\/rock-avalanche-alaska\/","title":{"rendered":"Increasing rock avalanche size and mobility in Alaska may be associated with climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Increasing rock-avalanche size and mobility in Alaska<\/h4>\n<p>One of the most interesting landslide issues in recent years has been the cluster of rock avalanches that have occurred in the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in the southern part of Alaska (example include <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2016\/07\/03\/lamplugh-glacier-rock-avalanche-1\/\">Lamplugh Glacier<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2016\/01\/02\/tyndall-glacier-landslide-1\/\">Tyndall Glacier<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2014\/06\/10\/ferebee-glacier-1\/\">Ferebee Glacier<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2014\/02\/22\/mount-la-perouse-rock-avalanche\/\">Mount La Perouse<\/a>).\u00a0 This area appears to have been affected by far more very large events than anywhere else over the last 20 years or so; the reasons for this have not been clear.\u00a0 In a new open access paper just published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/journal\/10346\"><em>Landslides<\/em><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7\">Coe <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/a> have used Landsat imagery to map these events in the period between 1984 and 2016.\u00a0 Over this period this area experienced 24 rock avalanche events in a 5000 km\u00b2 area, ranging from 5.5 km\u00b2 to 22.2 km\u00b2 in area.\u00a0 This map, from the paper, shows the distribution of these 24 rock avalanches:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25536\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25536\" class=\"wp-image-25536\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2017\/09\/17_09-Alaska-1.gif\" alt=\"Alaska rock avalanches\" width=\"640\" height=\"506\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-25536\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The distribution of rock avalanches in the Glacier Bay study area, from <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7\">Coe <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2016\/12\/07\/icy-bay-landslide\/\">Some of these rock avalanches have been spectacular<\/a>.\u00a0 This for example is a <a href=\"https:\/\/api.planet.com\">Planet Labs image<\/a> of the July 2016 <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/2016\/07\/03\/lamplugh-glacier-rock-avalanche-1\/\">Lamplugh Glacier rock avalanche<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25541\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25541\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25541\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/files\/2017\/09\/17_09-Alaska-2-e1505250010746.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"761\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-25541\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/api.planet.com\">Planet Labs image<\/a> of the Lamplugh Glacier rock avalanche of July 2016, in Alaska.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p>From their mapping, <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7\">Coe <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/a> concluded that all of the rock avalanches initiated from high mountain ridges or peaks.\u00a0 All occurred in the northern part of the study area, and most had an aspect towards the north, generally towards the northwest.\u00a0 Clusters in rock avalanche behaviour occurred in the periods 1984 to 1986; 1994 to 1995; and 2012 to the present.\u00a0 Notably, the most recent cluster has involved larger, more mobile rock avalanches than had been seen previously, and these landslides have tended to originate from higher elevations, with higher levels of mobility.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7\">Coe <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/a> consider carefully why these changes may be occurring.\u00a0 They state that:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We hypothesize that degradation of rock permafrost is the primary factor that controlled the timing and size of rock avalanches in the Glacier Bay region.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This part of Alaska shows a clear warming trend over the last few decades.\u00a0 Coe <em>et al.<\/em> (2017) provide an analysis of the climate data that strongly supports the idea that the increasing temperatures may be leading to a degradation of previously permanently frozen rock masses in the high peak areas.<\/p>\n<p>This is the most convincing evidence that I have seen to date that increasing temperatures are driving a higher rate of rock slope failure in high mountains, a trend that we also seem to be seeing in for example the Alps in Europe and the Southern Alps in New Zealand.\u00a0 It suggests that there is a pressing need for increased research into the processes occurring in high mountain slopes, including <em>in situ<\/em> monitoring.\u00a0 The implications are clear though &#8211; as climate change continues to drive warming in high mountain areas the risks associated with rock slope failure will increase.<\/p>\n<h4>Reference<\/h4>\n<p>Coe, J.A., Bessette-Kirton, E.K. &amp; Geertsema, M. 2017.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7\">Increasing rock-avalanche size and mobility in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska detected from 1984 to 2016 Landsat imagery<\/a>.\u00a0 <em>Landslides<\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10346-017-0879-7<\/p>\n<h4>Acknowledgement<\/h4>\n<p>Planet Team (2017). Planet Application Program Interface: In Space for Life on Earth. San Francisco, CA.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/api.planet.com\/\">https:\/\/api.planet.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new paper (Coe et al. 2017) strongly suggests that the cluster of 24 rock avalanches since 1984 in S. Alaska may be associated with rock permafrost degradation<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on wp_trim_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":25541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[544],"tags":[340,469,725,218,788,306,48],"class_list":["post-25531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-review-of-a-paper","tag-alaska","tag-featured","tag-north-america","tag-permafrost","tag-review-of-a-paper-2","tag-rock-avalanche","tag-usa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25531"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25531\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.agu.org\/landslideblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}